Appendix 1
 

Kadu Golla and Helava Legends



The Origins of Kadu Golla Clans: Chittamutti and Chandamutti





Yadavamma was the daughter of a king. One day she went outside the fort to gather jasmine flowers. She happened to look up at the Sun and thought then that she wanted a husband. In doing so she became pregnant. After sometime, when her father came to understand she was pregnant, he sent her off to the forest and locked her in a fort there. The fort had no windows, except an opening to the sky. For nourishment her father provided her with a cow to give her milk. The cow would look up at the moon during the night and it, too, became pregnant. After sometime, both the cow and Yadavamma gave birth to sons. Yadavamma fed both of them from her breast and raised them. Yadavamma's son was named Chittamutti and the cow's son was named Chandamutti. The Chittamuttinavaru and the Chandamuttinavaru are descended from them.
 




The Origin of the Ramegowda Bedagu Clan





Siriyajji tells a story of the origin of the Ramagouda clan [see also in Shankaranarayana 1984, 122-124]:
 

Chittamutti and Chandamutti were imprisoned by a king. Each had 7 beautiful daughters who used to bring them food every day. The daughters were overheard by 2 barber brothers, (H)areraama and Mererama, to say that they would marry any one who would get their fathers out of prison. The barbers went to the palace and when the king was asleep, they shaved him with the blades of ra@gi (millet) and jo@l@a (sorghum) grass. They also manicured his nails. When the king awoke he was surprised to see what a marvelous work had been done. He asked who had done it the barber brothers came forward and were given the opportunity to ask a wish. They asked that Chittamutti and Chandamutti be released. Then they each married 7 daughters. The children of these marriages were given a kula among the Gollas and are now the bed@egu called Ramegaudanavaru. They can marry other Gollas, but not amongst themselves, since they are descendants of brothers.
 
 
 



The Origin of the Helavas

In Bestarapalli Gollarahatti they tell this story of the origin of the Helava caste.
 

A Muslim ruler wanted to marry a Golla girl. The Gollas fled across a river. By mistake a small child was left behind. The angry Muslim threw the child in the air intending that it should be impaled on his sword. But the mother prayed that it should be brought across the river to her. Miraculously, instead of falling straight down on the sword, it flew across the river to its mother. But remembering that it had been defiled by the Muslim's touch, she let it fall to the ground. It became crippled and its descendants are the Heluwas, and given the job of maintaining the genealogical relations and stories of Golla bed@agus.
 

From H. V. Nanjundayya and Ananthakrishnan Iyer, 1930, The MysoreTribes and castes vol. III p. 310), quoted in Pawar, 1993:
 

"An Okkaliga had seven sons of whom the youngest was a born cripple. The elder brothers became envious of him on the score of their mother showing undue partiality at their expense. They tried to get rid of him in various ways, but he was always rescued by a favorite bull reared in the family. At last, they hit on the expedient of sending him away with a share of the family property to shift for himself. This he could not do, and God Siva, observing his helpless condition, brought about a reconciliation between the brothers, giving all the patrimony to them, and directing that they should give him alms whenever he went to be sitting on his friendly bull, ringing a bell to appraise others of his calling. His descendants are known by the name of Helavas, and the practice of begging in the manner originally enjoined has stuck to them. They go about among Okkaligas reciting fanciful tales of the gotrams and genealogy of their patrons."
 

Pawar also gives two other stories of their origin:
 

  1. Their ancestor refused to worship Paravati. She cursed him to be crippled and sucked up his flesh and blood so that he was as thin as a skeleton (ie. ugly). She made him to exist between Heaven and Earth. Hence the name Bringi, a kind of fly. Siva takes pity and gave him his trisula as a crutch and gave him the job of keeping genealogies for other castes.

  2.  
  3. There were 5 sons of a Gauda. One was crippled and so the others teased him. He could do nothing. Never married. So he went to Basavanna, who took him as one of the 63 sravanas (occupations). He was given a bell and the job of going to each of the homes of the other 63 sravanas to report back to Basavanna. As the families of the 63 dispersed, the Helava also had to travel and visit them. So, too, his descendants.