Appendix 1
Kadu Golla and Helava Legends
Yadavamma was the daughter of a king. One day she went outside the fort
to gather jasmine flowers. She happened to look up at the Sun and thought
then that she wanted a husband. In doing so she became pregnant. After
sometime, when her father came to understand she was pregnant, he sent
her off to the forest and locked her in a fort there. The fort had no windows,
except an opening to the sky. For nourishment her father provided her with
a cow to give her milk. The cow would look up at the moon during the night
and it, too, became pregnant. After sometime, both the cow and Yadavamma
gave birth to sons. Yadavamma fed both of them from her breast and raised
them. Yadavamma's son was named Chittamutti and the cow's son was named
Chandamutti. The Chittamuttinavaru and the Chandamuttinavaru are descended
from them.
Siriyajji tells a story of the origin of the Ramagouda clan [see also
in Shankaranarayana 1984, 122-124]:
Chittamutti and Chandamutti were imprisoned by a king. Each had 7 beautiful
daughters who used to bring them food every day. The daughters were overheard
by 2 barber brothers, (H)areraama and Mererama, to say that they would
marry any one who would get their fathers out of prison. The barbers went
to the palace and when the king was asleep, they shaved him with the blades
of ra@gi (millet) and jo@l@a (sorghum) grass. They also manicured his nails.
When the king awoke he was surprised to see what a marvelous work had been
done. He asked who had done it the barber brothers came forward and were
given the opportunity to ask a wish. They asked that Chittamutti and Chandamutti
be released. Then they each married 7 daughters. The children of these
marriages were given a kula among the Gollas and are now the bed@egu
called Ramegaudanavaru. They can marry other Gollas, but not amongst themselves,
since they are descendants of brothers.
In Bestarapalli Gollarahatti they tell this story of the origin of the
Helava caste.
A Muslim ruler wanted to marry a Golla girl. The Gollas fled across
a river. By mistake a small child was left behind. The angry Muslim threw
the child in the air intending that it should be impaled on his sword.
But the mother prayed that it should be brought across the river to her.
Miraculously, instead of falling straight down on the sword, it flew across
the river to its mother. But remembering that it had been defiled by the
Muslim's touch, she let it fall to the ground. It became crippled and its
descendants are the Heluwas, and given the job of maintaining the genealogical
relations and stories of Golla bed@agus.
From H. V. Nanjundayya and Ananthakrishnan Iyer, 1930, The MysoreTribes
and castes vol. III p. 310), quoted in Pawar, 1993:
"An Okkaliga had seven sons of whom the youngest was a born cripple.
The elder brothers became envious of him on the score of their mother showing
undue partiality at their expense. They tried to get rid of him in various
ways, but he was always rescued by a favorite bull reared in the family.
At last, they hit on the expedient of sending him away with a share of
the family property to shift for himself. This he could not do, and God
Siva, observing his helpless condition, brought about a reconciliation
between the brothers, giving all the patrimony to them, and directing that
they should give him alms whenever he went to be sitting on his friendly
bull, ringing a bell to appraise others of his calling. His descendants
are known by the name of Helavas, and the practice of begging in the manner
originally enjoined has stuck to them. They go about among Okkaligas reciting
fanciful tales of the gotrams and genealogy of their patrons."
Pawar also gives two other stories of their origin: